{"id":7073,"date":"2025-03-12T19:12:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T16:12:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/?p=7073"},"modified":"2025-03-12T19:12:38","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T16:12:38","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%81%d9%89-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/archives\/7073","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a – \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a ) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 DNA \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 (Denaturation): \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 94-98\u00b0C) \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640 DNA \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a (Annealing): \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (50-65\u00b0C) \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0626 (Primers) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640 DNA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f (Extension): \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 72\u00b0C\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 Taq polymerase \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a (A\u060c T\u060c C\u060c G) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DNA \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 25-40 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DNA \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 Vitek 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a – \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a ) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 DNA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7077,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7073"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7073"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7078,"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7073\/revisions\/7078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/agr\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}