{"id":20598,"date":"2026-05-01T10:36:05","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T07:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/?p=20598"},"modified":"2026-05-01T10:36:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T07:36:06","slug":"%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%b4%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/blog\/archives\/20598","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEEE 81 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 <strong>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0648\u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 <strong>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a <\/strong>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0639 <\/strong>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 <\/strong>\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<br><strong>Measurement of Earth Resistance According to IEEE Std 81 Using a Digital Earthing Tester<br><\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f <strong>\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 <\/strong>\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627:<br>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<br><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEEE Std 81. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629.<br>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 <\/strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b <\/strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<br><strong>\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628<br>(Rods) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<br>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 <strong>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 <\/strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (Digital Earthing Tester)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b <strong>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629.<br>\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644.<br>\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/<br><strong>\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a<br>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" data-id=\"20602\" src=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682758894_1496569405593632_5953866243001162299_n-1024x538.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682758894_1496569405593632_5953866243001162299_n-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682758894_1496569405593632_5953866243001162299_n-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682758894_1496569405593632_5953866243001162299_n-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682758894_1496569405593632_5953866243001162299_n.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"20601\" src=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682956404_1496569612260278_1571543465960110408_n-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682956404_1496569612260278_1571543465960110408_n-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682956404_1496569612260278_1571543465960110408_n-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682956404_1496569612260278_1571543465960110408_n-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/682956404_1496569612260278_1571543465960110408_n.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"20599\" src=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683741921_1496569615593611_5387505306226109589_n-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683741921_1496569615593611_5387505306226109589_n-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683741921_1496569615593611_5387505306226109589_n-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683741921_1496569615593611_5387505306226109589_n-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683741921_1496569615593611_5387505306226109589_n.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"20600\" src=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683804241_1496569562260283_5590377291140756021_n-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683804241_1496569562260283_5590377291140756021_n-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683804241_1496569562260283_5590377291140756021_n-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683804241_1496569562260283_5590377291140756021_n-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/683804241_1496569562260283_5590377291140756021_n.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"20606\" src=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/684256548_1496569835593589_8119486977961459453_n-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/684256548_1496569835593589_8119486977961459453_n-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/684256548_1496569835593589_8119486977961459453_n-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/684256548_1496569835593589_8119486977961459453_n-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/uomisan.edu.iq\/eng\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/684256548_1496569835593589_8119486977961459453_n.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"20605\" 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