Misan Journal of Engineering Sciences

CFD Study of Cuttings Transport in Vertical Rotation Drill Pipe for Multi Muds

2022-05-09T09:23:48+00:00

The ability of drilling fluids to clean the borehole is considered an important factor in choosing drilling mud. Which is affected by many parameters such as mud type, cutting size, cutting concentration in the mud, drill pipe rotation speed, and mud inlet velocity. The present research investigated the influence of drilling fluid that flow into the rotary pipe and coming out of the annulus with the influence of the above mentioned parameters on the cutting transport ratio (CTR). A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS FLUENT 18.2 has been utilized to simulate a model of 3-D two phase (solid-liquid) turbulent flow, steady-state, with stander k-ϵ in a vertical wellbore. The momentum and continuity equations, which are the governing equations, are numerically resolved using CFD with fluent soft package. The results are presented as follows: streamline , contours. The results show that with a decrease in each of the cutting diameter, cutting concentration in the mud, and cutting density, the CTR by mud will increase. Moreover, as the drill pipe rotation speed increases and the mud inlet speed increases, the cutting transport ratio will increase.

A Hybrid Stochastic Algorithm with Domain Reduction for Discrete Structural Optimization

2022-04-30T12:54:14+00:00

In recent years, many nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms have been proposed in an effort to develop efficient and robust algorithms. The drawback in most of them is the large number of simulations required to obtain good designs. To reduce the number of structural analyses to reach the best design, a new two-phase algorithm is proposed and evaluated. This hybrid algorithm is based on the well-known Harmony Search (HS) algorithm and recently developed Colliding Bodied Optimization (CBO). HS analyzes and improves one design in every iteration whereas CBO generates and analyzes a new population of designs in every iteration. Based on the observed behavior of these two algorithms, a Hybrid Harmony Search - Colliding Bodies Optimization (HHC) is proposed. The first phase of HHC uses the Improved Harmony Search (IHS) algorithm. A new design domain reduction technique is also incorporated in IHS that dramatically reduces the number of possible combinations of discrete variables. This improves the performance of the IHS algorithm. The second phase uses the Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO). ECBO receives final designs from the first phase to enhance them further. This makes the second phase need fewer iterations in comparison with the ECBO alone. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated using some benchmark discrete structural optimization problems, although the method is applicable to continuous-variable problems as well. The results show HHC with design domain reduction to be quite effective, robust, and needs a smaller number of structural analyses to solve optimization problems in comparison with IHS, ECBO, and some other metaheuristic optimization algorithms. HHC with design domain reduction is shown to be quite robust in the sense that different runs for a problem obtain the same final design. In comparison with HIS and ECBO, HHCD reduces the number of structural analyses to find the best design to less than half. This is an important feature that leads to better confidence in the final solution from a single run of the algorithm for a problem.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Aluminum Beams: Flexural Behavior Section Shape Effect

2022-04-08T18:26:10+00:00

Advanced technology and other aspects of life aim to use the available and efficient materials. Due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and durability, aluminum alloys are used in a variety of structural engineering applications. This paper describes the experimental and numerical flexural behavior investigation of the aluminum beams. The main variables considered in the study are related to section shape, which are the shape configuration, depth, and thickness of the aluminum section. The finite element three dimensional models are used to analyze the tested beams in order to check the ability of the models to predict the overall behavior and to obtain more information about the stresses and strains that developed. The results show that the larger the value of the section shape factor, the fiber is still in the elastic range, and the smaller the plastic deformation of the beam. And the web plates slenderness ratio has a significant influence on the load-deflection relationship because of local deformation as well as the plastic deformation of box beams is relatively smaller than that of the I-section beam. The constraint of the flange for box beams is greater than that for I-section beams. Besides, the adopted nonlinear numerical modeling gives acceptable agreement with the experimental results besides the load-deflection responses, the ultimate strength convergence ratios varied between 1.1-0.93.

The Estimation of Downstream Piping of a Dam (Case Study: Dewerige Dam- Iraq)

2022-08-30T22:25:25+00:00

The study deals with the geotechnical and hydrological problems in Dewerige dam. It's a new hydraulic structure constructed on Dewerige river in the southeast of Misan governorate, which represents a multipurpose. The dam is used for flooding control, water storage for irrigation, and recharges groundwater. The current study aimed to study seepage quantity under a small concrete dam (weir). SEEP/W software has been used to solve a simulation model at steady stat to evaluate piping downstream (Toe) in saturated soil. Uplift pressure, seepage velocity, hydraulic gradient, and piping safety factor were calculated in SEEP/W. The model results explain that the piping safety factor was (1.7), Therefore, the dam is relatively safe against piping problems in flooding conditions.

Numerical Investigation of Aggregates Size and Volume Fraction on Gas Permeability of 3D Meso-Scale Concrete

2022-04-03T15:22:16+00:00

In this paper, the influence of aggregate size and volume fraction on the permeability properties of meso-scale concrete is investigated. Three volume fractions of aggregates are investigated, varying from 10, 20 and 30 %. Furthermore, three aggregate sizes are examined, 10, 14, and 16 mm. In this work, numerical results provide some indications: increasing volume fraction leads to increased fracture energy, tensile stress, and crack opening. The results show that increasing crack width and decreasing volume fraction lead to an increase in gas permeability.

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Using Different Calcium Sources with Biogrouting on the Improvement of Poorly Graded Fine Sand

2022-07-05T12:16:22+00:00

In light of the cities' growth, it has now become necessary to establish infrastructure in areas that were previously deemed inappropriate.To improve the engineering characteristics of these problematic lands, many methods have been applied. Recently, an innovative and sustainable technique called Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation has emerged for soil improvement. Many factors that affect the efficiency of this technique include the concentrations of bacteria solution, the concentrations, and the type of the chemical solutions, in addition to methods to introduce the bacteria and these chemical solutions to the soil, pH, etc.The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation as a technique to improve and enhance the very fine poorly graded sandy soils and expand knowledge about improving a loos sand by using the MICP technique. Furthermore, this study was carried out using six types of calcium sources in the cementation solution, two concentrations of cementation solution as well as two types of soils. This study shows that the use of low concentrations provides a greater improvement in the engineering properties of the treated soil. The pH values were not greatly affected by soil type or the type of cementation chemical solutions and their concentration. The samples with axial splitting had a lower unconfined compressive strength than that shown by the samples with shear fracture.

Determination of The Best Box-Jenkins’ Seasonal Model to Inflows of Reservoir of Bekhme Dam

2022-10-30T07:05:14+00:00

Prediction of water inflow to a reservoir is of great interest in the policy of the reservoir operation throughout the year. When significant amounts of inflow series entering to the reservoir are nondeterministic events, the utilization of stochastic models to check the reliability of the recorded data and forecast the future events become preferable. One of the most powerful and widely used methodology for forecasting time series is the class of models called the Box-Jenkins models. In this study, time series analysis was applied to records of 69 monthly mean inflows to Bekhme reservoir, in the northern part of Iraq, for the water year period from 1933 to 2006. Nine multiplicative seasonal models were fitted to this series; these were the seasonal autoregressive integrated (SARI) (1, 1, 0) × (1, 1, 0)12, (2, 1, 0) × (1, 1, 0)12, and (1, 1, 0) × (2, 1, 0)12 models, the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) (1, 1, 1) × (1, 1, 1)12, (2, 1, 2) × (1, 1, 1)12, and (1, 1, 1) × (2, 1, 2)12 models, and the seasonal integrated moving average (SIMA) (0, 1, 1) × (0, 1, 1)12, (0, 1, 2) × (0, 1, 1)12, and (0, 1, 1) × (0, 1, 2)12 models. The unconditional sum of squares method was used to estimate the parameters of the models and to compute the sum of squared errors for each one. It was found that the best model which corresponded to the minimum sum of squared errors was the SIMA (0, 1, 1) × (0, 1, 1)12 model. The estimated moving average parameters of this model were 0.378 and 0.953 for both θ and Θ respectively. The adequacy of this model was checked by plotting the normalized cumulative periodogram which does not indicate nonrandomness of the residuals. Forecasts of monthly inflow for the period from October, 2002, to September, 2006 were graphically compared with observed inflow for the same period and since agreement was very precise, adequacy of the selected model was confirmed.

Quantitative Assessment of Five Geosites Locations in Northeast Misan Southeast Iraq by Using Satellite Images and Field Survey

2022-10-06T10:03:09+00:00

Sentinel satellite images are enhanced using Erdas-2014 and analyzed by GIS techniques to distinguish the main geological features in the study area. Satellite image is processed to select and determine several geological and geomorphological features that are evident through a Sentinel image as a Geopoint. These Geopoints were checked in the field survey to be geosite. Field techniques include phtogeological and terrestrial photogrammetry. Quantities’ assessment of geological heritage in five geosite in Potential Geopark (Telal AL Band ). Scientific, educational, functional, and touristic categories values were calculated for each Geosite. The Results of the quantitative assessment depend on questionnaire data for three types of audiences: university students, Government circles, researchers, tourists then, and previous geoscientific studies. The infrastructures like paved roads, bridges, and security, played a vital role in the scores in different studied sites. The infrastructures of geoutorism need to devselop through local government funding and community people investments. The area of east Missan required more professional promoting efforts to develop geoeducation and geotourism. The results of the study show the Telal AL Band geopark of geoeducation, geotourism, and economical importance

Design of Water Pumping Mechanism using Wind Energy (Analysis Study)

2022-09-26T08:31:01+00:00

In the past, the main sources of energy were coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy and wood. All of these sources are limited in quantities and depleted. Moreover, they are considered the main cause of environmental pollution. Due to their limitations and their negative effects on health and environment, attention was turned to alternative energy sources and their uses in various applications. One of those sources is wind energy which is clean and available throughout Earth's geography and today. Wind energy is used in many applications where it can be converted into electrical energy, stored and transmitted, and it can also be converted into a mechanical form that is used directly in machines like water pumps. The main objective of this study is to design a wind-powered water pumping turbine. One of the most important results of the study is the design of a pump to raise water from a well using wind energy to irrigate farms with an area of (2.5) hectares. A two-piston pump was designed, the first to withdraw water from the well and the second to Push the water into the reserve tank. (Irrigation occurs during periods of unavailability of rain water). Use Programmes in study is matlab for analysis and solidworks for 3d pump.place of work is Iraq, Almousel.

Experimental Work to Study the Behavior of Proppant Inside the Hydraulic Fractures and the Plugging Time

2022-05-09T09:28:15+00:00

screen out is a blocking of the fracture path caused by bridging the path or accumulation of the proppant inside the fracture, clumping or lodging of the (solid particles) proppant across the hydraulic fracture width that causes to restrict formation fluid to flow into the hydraulically fractured formation. To avoid the screen out happening needing to save fracturing fluids, hydraulic horsepower.

Conditions that leading to screen out during the hydraulic fracturing job in a well, such as, the ratio between the fracture widths to particle diameter that called (β), proppant concentration, and wall roughness. The effects of these factors are investigated experimentally in the present work by building an apparatus that meet the shape of the real hydraulic fracture.

The plugging time were measured and monitored through glass windows on both sides of the apparatus to follow the behavior of the proppant inside the fracture during the flow of the fracturing fluid or when the proppant plugs the fracture.

To study the effect of the fracture wall roughness on the screen out phenomena, apparatus was build to get two different fracture shapes, to meet the real fracture wall in reality.

Through the relation between the different proppant concentration and the plugging time, one can indicate on the graph the plugging region and non plugging region for different values of β, proppant concentration and fracture shape, in order to avoid the screen out.

During designing the hydraulic fracture, the values of β were very important factor that can lead to screen out, through the results found that when β=1, the screen out happened very fast even at low proppant concentration, but for β=2, 3 and 4 the screen out depends on the proppant concentration and fracture shape. For β=5 it was found that, there is no screen out occurring for wide range of proppant concentration.

The effect of hydraulic fracture wall roughness is important because it effect the speed of the suspension when passing through the fracture.